新澳门六合彩资料

Aditya Gandhi, Pomona College

In a sense, the twentieth century in France was a century of revolt against the ruling bourgeois class. This revolt and discontentment extended all the way to literary movements. Roland Barthes spearheaded much of the thinking in this regard, calling for an objective literature that could separate itself from the bourgeois, Balzacian novel of the nineteenth century. By looking at the novels of Albert Camus and Nathalie Sarraute through the lens of Barthes, particularly Barthes鈥檚 鈥淒eath of the Author,鈥� this paper examines the success with which the modern French novel lived up to Barthes鈥檚 ideals. In doing so, this paper shows that while both Camus and Sarraute strongly embodied some of Barthes鈥檚 standards in their writing, their novels could not fully encapsulate the 鈥渂lank鈥� writing for which Barthes called. This was not due to any failure on their own part. Instead, it occurred because of the ultimately idealistic nature of objective literature as Barthes envisioned it.

Paris Jensen, Wesleyan University

Drawing on 脡tienne Brunet鈥檚 conceptualization of francophonie, in which identity is based on the affirmation of difference, a close reading of the documentary En fran莽ais S.V.P. is used to explore how a French linguistic identity outside of France is practically constructed. What does living life en fran莽ais entail? And how can we think of the 鈥渦s鈥� in 鈥渙ur language鈥� in cases where linguistic community is not identified with a national language or a so-called mother tongue? The film follows the Melansons, a mixed anglophone-francophone family living in English-dominated Halifax, who decide to switch the language of their everyday experience from English to French when the eldest of their two boys becomes old enough to start elementary school. Over the course of a year, the Melansons build a network of French-language relationships with their city and history that changes the meaning of the language for them, reshaping their cultural identity. The article examines how French 鈥� a language that, in the beginning, only the father of the family is comfortable speaking 鈥� is defined as 鈥渙ur language鈥� for the Melansons. The use and significance of French is analyzed at three levels of community: the Melanson family, the francophone community of Halifax, and Acadia (both past and future).